Depression, anxiety and stress among dental students during COVID-19 pandemic and distance learning
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30979/revabeno.v22i2.1563Palavras-chave:
Coronavirus Infections, Education Dental, Mental HealthResumo
This study aimed to measure the levels of depression, anxiety and stress among dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic and distance learning. This cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted at a Brazilian school of Dentistry, between July and August, 2020. The participants were surveyed using the adapted and validated version of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS21) questionnaire. The Fisher's exact test and bivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the data, using SPSS software. A total of 120 dental students (response rate of 87.60%) participated in the study; 75.8% of them were female and the mean age was 23.35 years old (± 6.07). Most students were single (85%), studied full time (68.3%) and had no employment (70.8%). Some level of depression, anxiety and stress was observed in 64.2%, 67.5% and 61.7% of the students, respectively. The severity of the depression, the anxiety and the stress was significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the student’s gender, fear of contracting COVID-19 and with the condition of having a family member who has already had COVID-19. Female students, students who were fear of contracting COVID-19 and who had a familiar or a friend diagnosed with COVID-19 presented more chances of developing a high level of depression, anxiety or stress. We concluded that dental students had high levels of depression, anxiety and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and distance learning. This study suggests that the mental health of dental students nshould be carefully monitored during the COVID-19 pandemic
Downloads
Referências
Mahase E. China coronavirus: WHO declares international emergency as death toll exceeds 200. BMJ. 2020;368:m408.
Burki T. COVID-19 in Latin America. The Lancet. 2020;5(1):547-548.
Lobo AA, Cardoso-Dos-Santos AC, Rocha MS et al. COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil: Where are we at? Int J Infect Dis. 2020;97:382-385.
Xiong J, Lipsitz O, Nasri F et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2020;277:55-64.
Zhai Y, Du X. Mental health care for international Chinese students affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4):e22.
Araújo FJO, de Lima LSA, Cidade PIM et al. Impact of Sars-Cov-2 and its reverberation in global higher education and mental health. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:112977.
Sahu P. Closure of universities due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): impact on education and mental health of students and academic staff. Cureus. 2020;12:e7541.
Zivin K, Eisenberg D, Gollust SE, Golberstein E. Persistence of mental health problems and needs in a college student population. J Affect Disord. 2009;117:180-5.
Beiter R, Nash R, McCrady M et al. The prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students. J Affect Disord. 2015;173:90-96.
Rith-Najarian LR, Boustani MM, Chorpita BF. A systematic review of prevention programs targeting depression, anxiety, and stress in university students. J Affect Disord. 2019;257:568-584.
Kecojevic A, Basch CH, Sullivan M, Davi NK. The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on mental health of undergraduate students in New Jersey, cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2020;15(9):e0239696.
Chi X, Becker B, Yu Q et al. Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of Mental Health Outcomes Among Chinese College Students During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:803.
Odriozola-González P, Planchuelo-Gómez A, Irurtia MJ, Luis-García R. Psychological effects of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown among students and workers of a Spanish university. Psychiatry Res. 2020;290:113108.
Piazza-Waggoner CA, Cohen LL, Kohli K, Taylor BK. Stress management for dental students performing their first pediatric restorative procedure. J Dent Edu. 2003;67(5):542-548.
Elani HW, Allison PJ, Kumar RA, Mancini L et al. A systematic review of stress in dental students. J Dent Educ. 2014;78(2):226‐242.
Alzahem AM, Van der Molen HT, Alaujan AH et al. Stress amongst dental students: a systematic review. Eur J Dent Educ. 2011;15(1):8-18.
Goldstein MB. Interpersonal support and coping among first-year dental students. J Dent Edu. 1980;44(4):202-205.
Morse Z, Dravo U. Stress levels of dental students at the Fiji School of Medicine. Eur J Dent Edu. 2007;11(2):99-103.
Iyer P, Aziz K, Ojcius DM. Impact of COVID-19 on dental education in the United States. J Dent Educ. 2020;84(6):718-722.
Desai BK. Clinical implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental education. J Dent Educ. 2020;84(5):512.
Webster J, Hackley P. Teaching effectiveness in technology mediated distance learning. Acad Manage J. 1997;40:1282-1309.
Grimshaw J. SURGE (The SUrvey Reporting GuidelinE). In: Moher D, Altman DG, Schulz K et al. Guidelines for reporting health research: A user’s manual. 1st ed. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons, 2014. p.206-13.
Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behav Res Ther. 1995;33(3):335-343.
Lovibond SH, Lovibond PF. Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. 4th ed. Psychology Foundation: Sydney, 2004.
Gloster AT, Rhoades HM, Novy D et al. Psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 in older primary care patients. J Affect Disord. 2008;110(3):248-259.
Henry JD, Crawford JR. The short-form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21): construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. Br J Clin Psychol. 2005;44(2):227-239.
Vignola RCB, Tucci AM. Adaptation and validation of the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS) to Brazilian Portuguese. J Affect Disord. 2014;155:104-109.
Burk DT, Bender DJ. Use and perceived effectiveness of student support services in a first‐year dental student population. J Dent Educ. 2005;69(10):1148‐1160.
Crawford JR, Henry JD. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS): normative data and latent structure in a large non‐clinical sample. Br J Clin Psychol. 2003;42(2):111‐131.
Aboalshamat K, Hou X, Strodl E. Psychological wellbeing status among medical and dental students in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Medical Teacher. 2015;37(sup1):S75-81.
Basudan S, Binanzan N, Alhassan A. Depression, anxiety and stress in dental students. Int J Med Educ. 2017;24(8):179-186.
Stormon N, Ford PJ, Kisely S et al. Depression, anxiety and stress in a cohort of Australian dentistry students. Eur J Dent Educ. 2019;23(4):507-514.
Jowkar Z, Masoumi M, Mahmoodian H. Psychological Stress and Stressors Among Clinical Dental Students at Shiraz School of Dentistry. Iran. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2020;1:113-120.
Hakami Z, Khanagar SB, Vishwanathaiah S et al. Psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on dental students: A nationwide study. J Dent Educ. 2020:1-10.
Chakraborty T, Subbiah GK, Damade Y. Psychological Distress during COVID-19 Lockdown among Dental Students and Practitioners in India: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Eur J Dent. 2020;14(supl 1):S70-78.
Moore R, Madsen, LV, Trans M. Stress sensitivity and signs of anxiety or depression among first year clinical dental and medical students. Open J Med Psychol. 2020; 9:7‐ 20.
Al Sowygh ZH, Alfadley AA, Al‐Saif MI, Al‐Wadei SH. Perceived causes of stress among Saudi dental students. King Saud University J Dent Sci. 2013;4(1):7‐15.
Aristovnik A, Kerzˇič D, Ravsˇelj D, Tomazˇevič N, Umek L. Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on life of higher education students: A global perspective. Sustainability. 2020;12:8438.
Wang C, Zhao H. The impact of COVID-19 on anxiety in Chinese university students. Front Psychol. 2020;11:1168.
Wenham C, Smith J, Morgan R. The Gender and COVID-19 Working Group. COVID-19: The gendered impacts of the outbreak. Lancet. 2020;395:846-848.
Felmingham K, Williams LM, Kemp AH et al. Neural responses to masked fear faces: Sex differences and trauma exposure in posttraumatic stress disorder. J of Abnorm Psychol. 2010;119:241-247.
Ahmed MA, Jouhar R, Ahmed N. Fear and Practice Modifications among Dentists to Combat Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(8):2821.
Moorthy V, Restrepo AMH, Preziosi MP, Swaminathan S. Active quarantine measures are the primary means to reduce the fatality rate of COVID-19. Bull. World Health Organ. 2020;98:150.
Asmundson JGG, Taylor S. How health anxiety influences responses to viral outbreaks like COVID-19: what all decision-makers, health authorities, and health care professionals need to know. J. Anxiety Disord. 2020;71:102211.
Bitan DT, Grossman-Giron A, Bloch Y et al. Fear of COVID-19 scale: Psychometric characteristics, reliability and validity in the Israeli population. Psychiatry Research. 2020;289:113100.
Browning MHEM, Larson LR, Sharaievska I et al. Psychological impacts from COVID19 among university students: Risk factors across seven states in the United States. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(1):e0245327.
Alzahem AM, Van der Molen HT, Alaujan AH, De Boer BJ. Stress management in dental students: a systematic review. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2014;5:167-176.
Hunt J, Eisenberg D. Mental health problems and help-seeking behavior among college students. J Adolesc Health. 2010;46:3-10.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2022 Revista da ABENO
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
a) Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
b) Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
c) Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).
