COVID-19 prevention, control and management during dental care in a school clinic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30979/revabeno.v22i2.1993Palabras clave:
Pandemic. Dentistry. Prevention.Resumen
This study investigated the effectiveness of physical and mechanical barriers in the prevention, control and management of COVID-19 during dental care. In this cross-sectional study, two research students from the eighth period of the dentistry course performed 24 consultations from January to June 2022, in the 4 specialties under study: surgery (S), restorative dentistry (D), endodontics (E) and periodontics (P). For each specialty researched, there were 3 groups: control (CG), which adopted the current biosafety norms of the Federal Council of Dentistry (FCD); with circular shield (G1) and with rectangular shield (G2). For each specialty, the researcher performed 6 dental appointments, whose patients were chosen by lot to which group they would participate, so that the distribution was
equitable between the groups. Aerosol stains were found around office equipment, as well as on professionals' personal protective equipment (PPE) and close to the patient. The maximum distance found from aerosol splashes to the naked eye was 1.43m during prophylaxis procedures in the CG. In all groups, most of the splashes were found on the PPE used by professionals, especially on gloves, in the professionals' wrist region; on the patient, on the apron and neck. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups within the specialties (p-value > 0.05), disregarding the comparison between pairs. It was concluded that there was dissemination of aerosol droplets in all dental visits in the 4 specialties studied. Although the PPE proposed by the FCD are effective as a physical barrier to reduce cross-infection and the spread of droplets and aerosols, as well as a preventive measure against COVID-19 during dental care, the professional can use other devices that demonstrate effectiveness, such as the circular screens and the acrylic box, during the dental procedures.
Descargas
Citas
Holshue ML, Debolt C, Lindquist S, Lofy KH, Wiesman J, Bruce H et al. First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(10):929-36.
Del Rio C, Malani PN. 2019 novel coronavirus-important information for clinicians. JAMA. 2020; 5(1):1039-40.
Conselho Federal de Odontologia (CFO). Manual de boas práticas em biossegurança para ambientes odontológicos. [Cited Apr. 6, 2020]. Available from: http://website.cfo.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/cfo-lanc%CC%A7a-Manual-de-Boas-Pra%CC%81ticas-em-Biosseguranc%CC%A7a-para-Ambientes-Odontologicos.pdf.
Gorbalenya, AE, Baker SC, Baric RS, de Groot RJ, Drosten C, Gulyaeva AA et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: the species and its viruses - A statement of the Coronavirus Study Group. Nat Microbiol. 2020; 5(4):536-44.
Thompson RN, Cunniffe NJ. The probability of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva. Stat Methods Med Res. 2020; 29(4):104950.
Williams E, Bond K, Zhang B, Putland M, Williamson DA. Saliva as a noninvasive specimen for detection of SARS-CoV-2. J Clin Microbiol. 2020; 58(8): e00776-20.
Peng X, Xu X, Li Y, Cheng L, Zhou X, Ren B. Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. Int J Oral Sci. 2020; 12(1):9.
Rothe C. Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in germany. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(10):970-71.
Kampf G, Todt D, Pfaender S, Steinmann E. Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents. J Hosp Infect. 2020; 104(3):246-51.
Muniz IAF, Van der Linden L, Santos ME, Rodrigues RCS, Souza JR, Oliveira RAS et al. SARS-CoV-2 and saliva as a diagnostic tool: a real possibility. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clín Integr. 2020; 20(1):11.
Xu R, Cui B, Duan X, Zhang P, Zhou X, Yuan Q. Saliva: potential diagnostic value and transmission of 2019-nCoV. Int J Oral Sci. 2020; 12(11):1-6.
Otter JA, Donskey C, Yezli S, Douthwaite S, Goldenberg SD, Weber DJ. Transmission of SARS and MERS coronaviruses and influenza virus in healthcare settings: the possible role of dry surface contamination. J Hosp Infect. 2015; 92(3):235-50.
Silveira MGSS, Fernandez MS, Tillmann TFF, Danigno JF, Echeverria MS, Silva AER. Changes in dental practice in times of COVID-19: review and recommendations for dental health care. Rev Gaúch Odontol. 2021; 69(8):e2021001.
Discacciati JAC, Sander HH, Castilho LS, Resende VLS. Verificação da dispersão de respingos durante o trabalho do cirurgiãodentista. Rev PanAm Salud Publica. 1998; 3(2):84-7.
Li L, Huang T, Wang Y, Wang Z, Liang Y, Huang T et al. 2019 novel coronavirus patients clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 2020; 92(6):577-83.
Fontelles MJ, Simões MG, Almeida JC, Fontelles RGS. Metodologia da pesquisa: diretrizes para o cálculo do tamanho da amostra. Rev Paraense Med. 2010; 24(2):57-64.
Kohn WG, Harte JA, Malvitz DM, Collins AS, Cleveland JL, Eklund KJ. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Guidelines for infection control in dental health-care settings. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2003; 19(52):1-61.
Iyer P, Aziz K, Ojcius DM. Impact of COVID-19 on dental education in the United States. J Dent Educ. 2020; 84(6):718-22.
Medeiros MS, Santos HLF, Barreto JO, Freire JCP, Dias-Ribeiro E. COVID-19 pandemic impacts to Dentistry. Rev Gaúch Odontol. 2020; 68(21): e20200021.
Meng L, Hua F, Bian Z. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): emerging and future challenges for dental and oral medicine. J Deny Res. 2020; 99(5):481-87.
Raghunath N, Meenakshi S, Sreeshyla H, Priyanka N. Aerosols in dental practice - a neglected infectious vector. BMRJ. 2016; 14(2):1-8.
Montalli VAM, Garcez AS, Montalli GAM,França FMG, Suzuki SS, Mian LMT et al. Individual biosafety barrier in dentistry: an alternative in times of covid-19. Preliminary study. Rev Gaúch Odontol. 2020; 68(17):e20200088.
Ahmed A, Jouhar R, Ahmed N, Adnan S, Aftab M, Zafar M et al. Fear and practice modifications among dentists to combat ovel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(8):2821.
Lu CW, Liu XF, Jia Z. 2019-nCoV transmission through the ocular surface must not be ignored. Lancet. 2020; 395(10224):e39.
Doremalen N, Morris DH, Holbrook MG, Gamble A, Williamson BN, Tamin A et al. Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(16):1564-7.
Nesi MAM, Filho RSB, Lima EG, Medeiros AMC. Contaminação de jalecos utilizados por estudantes de odontologia. Saúde Rev. 2006; 8(20):47-54.
To KKW, Tsang OTY, Yip CCY, Chan KH, Wu TC, Chan JMC et al. Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 71(15):841-3.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
a) Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
b) Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
c) Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).
