Knowledge of HIV/AIDS and the clinical and sexual practices of dental students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30979/revabeno.v22i2.1546Palabras clave:
HIV, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Students, Dental, KnowledgeResumen
The aim of the study was to assess knowledge of HIV/AIDS and the clinical and sexual practices of dental students. This was a cross-sectional study in which a self-administered questionnaire about age, gender, and dental program term; knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention; use of personal protective equipment; prevention and occurrence of accidental exposure to biological material; post-exposure conduct; and sexual behavior was answered by dental students (n = 148, answer rate of 91.9%). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses (chi-square and Fisher's exact tests) were performed, at a significance level of 5%. Students correctly recognized the routes of HIV transmission, including “blood” (100%), “sexual.3%). Regarding frequency of condom use during sexual intercourse, 37% of dental students said “always,” 55.5% “sometimes” and 7.6% “never”. Regarding clinical practices, 99.3% of dental students said they used personal protective equipment, 28.4% had intercourse” (99.3%), “vertical transmission” (58.1%) and “sharing contaminated material” (94.6%), and ways of prevention, including “condom use” (100%) and “not sharing needles and syringes” (99suffered percutaneous injuries, the needle was the most cited exposure agent (32.5%) and in most cases (54.8%), no providences were taken after the accident. In conclusion, the students had good knowledge of HIV / AIDS and appropriate preventive attitudes in clinical care and handling of sharp instruments; however, they still need to be motivated with regard to condom use and oriented about care after accidental exposure to biological material.
Descargas
Citas
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Departamento de Atenção Básica. Cadernos de Atenção Básica, n. 18. Série A. HIV/aids, hepatites e outras DST. Normas e Manuais Técnicos. 197p. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2006b.
World Health Organization (WHO). HIV/AIDS [Internet]. 2020 [Cited June 20, 2020]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde. Departamento de Doenças de Condições Crônicas e Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DCCI). Boletim Epidemiológico: HIV/AIDS. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2019.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. HIV/AIDS. [Internet]. 2020 2020 [Cited June 16, 2020]. Available from: https://saude.gov.br/noticias/agenciasaude/46095-135-mil-brasileiros-vivem-com-hiv-e-nao-sabem.
Younai FS, Murphy DC, Kotelchuck D. Occupational exposures to blood in a dental teaching environment: results of a ten-year surveillance study. J Dent Educ. 2001; 65(5): 436-48.
Kotelchuck D, Murphy D, Younai F. Impact of underreporting on the management of occupational bloodborne exposures in a dental teaching environment. J Dent Educ. 2004; 68(6): 614-22.
Myers JE, Myers R, Wheat ME, Yin MT. Dental students and bloodborne pathogens: occupational exposures, knowledge, and attitudes. J Dent Educ. 2012; 76: 479-86.
Erasmus S, Luiters S, Brijlal P. Oral hygiene and dental students’ knowledge, attitude, and behaviour in managing HIV/AIDS patients. Int J Dent Hyg. 2005; 3(4): 213-7.
Silva-Boghossian CM, Boscardini BAB, Pereira CM, Moreira EJL. Evaluation of oral care protocols practice by dentists in Rio de Janeiro towards HIV/AIDS individuals BMC Oral Health. 2020; 20:13.
Murariu A, Vasluianu R, Forna DA, Topoliceanu C, Cristian U, Bobu L. Romanian dental student’s knowledge toward hiv/aids infection. Rom J Oral Rehabil. 2019; 11 (1):59-65.
Oliveira ER, Narendran S, Falcão A. Brazilian dental students’ knowledge and attitudes towards HIV infection. AIDS Care. 2002; 14(4): 569-76.
Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP; STROBE Initiative. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008; 61(4):344-9.
Elsheikh NM, Osman IM, Husain NE, Abdalrahman SM, Nour HE, Khalil AA, et al. Final year dental students' perception and practice of professionalism and ethical attitude in tem Sudanese dental schools: Across-sectional survey. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020; 9: 87-92.
Saheer PA, Fabna K, Febeena PM, Devika S, Renjith G, Shanila AM. Knowledge and attitude of dental students toward human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients: Across-sectional study in Thodupzha, Kerala. J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent. 2019; 17: 66-9.
Lee C, Fan Y, Starr JR, Dogon IL. Dentists’ and dental students’ attitudes, knowledge, preparedness, and willingness related to treatment of people living with HIV/AIDS in China. J Public Health Dent. 2016; 1-9.
Aggarwal A, Panat SR. Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior in Managing Patients with HIV/AIDS Among a Group of Indian Dental Students. J Dent Educ. 2013; 77: 1209-17.
Ellepola ANB, Sundaram DB, Jayathilake S,et al. Knowledge and Attitudes AboutHIV/AIDS of Dental Students from Kuwait and Sri Lanka. J Dent Educ. 2011; 75: 574-81.
Sadeghi M, Hakimi H. Iranian Dental Students’ Knowledge of and Attitudes Towards HIV/AIDS Patients. J Dent Educ. 2009; 73(6):740-5.
Ryalat ST, Sawair FA, Shayyab MH, et al. The knowledge and attitude about HIV/AIDS among Jordanian dental
students: (Clinical versus pre-clinical students) at the University of Jordan. BMC Res Notes. 2011; 4:191.
Brailo V, Pelivan I, Škaricić J, Vuletić M, Dulcić N, Cerjan-Letica G. Treating patients with HIV and hepatitis B and C infections: Croatian dental students’ knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions. J Dent Educ. 2011; 75: 1115-26.
Gupta A, Anand S, Sastry J, Krisagar A, Basavaraj A, Bhat S, et al. High risk for occupational exposure to HIV and utilization of post‑exposure prophylaxis in a teaching hospital in Pune, India. BMC Infect Dis. 2008; 8:142.
Askarian M, Malekmakan L, Memish ZA, Assadian O. Prevalence of needle stick injuries among dental, nursing and midwifery students in Shiraz, Iran. GMS Krankenhhyg Interdiszip. 2012; 7(1):1-5.
Acosta-Gío, AE, Borges-Yáñez SA, Flores M, Herrera A, Jerónimo J, Martinez M, et al. Infection control attitudes and perceptions among dental students in Latin America: implications for dental education. Int Dent J. 2008; 58:187-93.
Guruprasad Y, Chauhan DS. Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding risk of HIV
infection through accidental needlestick injuries among dental students of Raichur, India. Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2011; 2:152-5.
Fotedar S, Sharma KR, Sogi GM, Fotedar V, Chauhan A. Knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS of ttudents in H.P. Government Dental College and Hospital, Shimla, India. J Dent Educ. 2013; 77:1218-24.
Nasir EF, Åstrøm NA, David J, Ali RW. HIV and AIDS related knowledge, sources of information, and reported need for further education among dental students in Sudan- a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2008; 8:286.
Mah TL, Halperin DT. Concurrent sexual partnerships and the HIV epidemics in Africa: evidence to move forward. AIDS Behav. 2010; 14:11–16;34–17.
Brasil, Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de DST, Aids e Hepatites Virais. Pesquisa de conhecimento, atitudes e práticas na população brasileira. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2011.
Brasil, Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de DST, Aids e Hepatites Virais. Boletim Epidemiológico HIV/AIDS. Ano IV, n. 01. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2015a.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 Revista da ABENO
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
a) Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
b) Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
c) Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).